Special Blood Tests

Determination of Absolute Eosinophil Count

Eosinophil

Normal Range: 40 to 440/cu mm (ml).

Increased eosinophil count indicates certain leukemia, allergic reactions, parasitic infections and brucellosis.
Decreased eosinophil count indicates Cushing’s Syndrome (increase in adrenal function).

Brucellosis is an infectious disease mainly of cattle, dogs, pigs, goats, and occasionally, of humans. In humans, it is contracted by infected milk and is commonly known as undulant fever or malta fever.

Routine Coagulation Tests
When a blood vessel is damaged, bleeding stops by a process called hemostasis. First, the blood vessel contracts which reduces blood flow. Second, platelets form a plug, and third, clot formation occurs.

In blood coagulation, thrombin which is formed from prothrombin acts on soluble fibrinogen in the presence of Ca++ ions to form numerous insoluble fibrin threads. These threads criss–cross with one another. Erythrocytes (RBC) and Leucocytes (WBC) are entangled in their interstices and clots are formed.
The routine coagulation test is carried out for:

Patients who have to undergo a major surgery.
Patients who have a history of spontaneous bleeding after trauma or surgery.

The routine hemorrhagic disorder tests include:

Bleeding time.
Clotting time.
Clot retraction and lysis time.
Prothrombin time.
Plasma recalcification time.
Partial thromboplastin time.
Activated partial thromboplastin time.
Thrombin time.
Fibrinogen determination.
Protamine sulphate test.

Normal Range

Bleeding time	1 – 5 minutes
Blood Clotting time	4 – 5 minutes
Clot reaction & lysis time	Of 50% of clot retraction occurs at the end of 1 hr at 37 C, it is abnormal. Normal lysis time is 72 hrs.
Prothrombin Time	14 (I) 2 seconds
Plasma recalcification time (RT)	Platelet rich plasma: 100 – 150 seconds Platelet poor plasma: 135 – 240 seconds
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)	60 to 80 seconds
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)	35 to 40 seconds
Thrombin Time	15 to 20 seconds
Fibrinogen	200 to 400 mg/dl
Protamine Sulphate test	if – to ++ is normal

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