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Various Ailments of Kidneys

Uremia
When the kidney damage becomes severe, virtually every system of the body is affected leading to a symptom complex called Uremia. These symptoms appear slowly and may be difficult to recognize.
The Symptoms Include

Weakness
Fatigue
Loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
Weight loss
Itching
Tingling sensation in the feet.
Bone pain
Breathlessness

Once the symptoms of uremia develop, it becomes necessary to institute definitive treatment in the form of dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Anemia in patients with renal failure
The kidneys manufacture a hormone called erythropoietin which is involved in the production of Red Blood Cells. In chronic renal failure, the Erythropoeitin production by the kidneys decreases and the patient becomes anemic.

The Renin–angiotensin System
Whenever there is a sustained fall in blood pressure, the decreased blood supply to the kidneys stimulates the release of renin. Renin is converted to angiotensin.
Angiotensin has the following effects

It constricts the blood vessels, mainly the veins.
It stimulates the release of aldosterone which helps retain sodium and water.

Thus the blood pressure is restored to normal

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